ZETAG 4145 is a high-molecular-weight anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) with a 46% hydrolysis degree, primarily serving as a high-efficiency flocculant and clarifier across water treatment, mining, paper, oilfield, and other industrial sectors, known for strong particle bridging and flocculation performance. Below are its detailed applications, totaling 799 words.
ZETAG 4145 excels in coagulation - flocculation and sludge dewatering. In municipal sewage treatment, during primary sedimentation, it adsorbs and bridges negatively charged colloids and fine suspended solids (SS) to form dense flocs, accelerating settlement and enhancing effluent clarity, which cuts the load on biological treatment units. In secondary clarification, it boosts the sedimentation rate of activated sludge, lowering effluent turbidity and SS to meet discharge standards. For industrial wastewater like that from steel, electroplating, and chemical plants, it targets heavy metal hydroxides, oil droplets, and organic colloids, reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and SS by 30% - 50%. In sludge dewatering, it conditions sludge to reduce moisture content by 5% - 10%, slashing transportation and disposal costs, and pairs well with belt filter presses or centrifuges.
In coal washing, it clarifies coal preparation wastewater by flocculating fine coal dust and clay particles, enabling water recycling and reducing solid waste discharge. It also aids in tailings thickening, increasing underflow concentration from 10% - 15% to 40% - 50%, which is crucial for paste backfill and reducing tailings pond footprint. In mineral processing (e.g., copper, iron, phosphate), it improves solid - liquid separation efficiency in flotation tailings, enhances overflow clarity, and boosts water reuse rates, while minimizing reagent loss by preventing fine particle carry - over.
It acts as a retention and drainage aid, promoting the retention of fine fibers, fillers (such as calcium carbonate), and pigments on the paper web, which raises first - pass retention by 10% - 20%, cuts raw material consumption, and boosts machine speed. In white water clarification, it flocculates suspended fibers and fines, purifying the water for reuse, and reducing fresh water intake and effluent discharge. Additionally, it functions as a paper strength agent, enhancing dry and wet strength by cross - linking with cellulose fibers, and as a deinking aid in recycled paper production, aggregating ink particles for easier removal.
In enhanced oil recovery (EOR), it increases the viscosity of injection water, improving sweep efficiency and displacing more residual oil, which can raise oil recovery rates by 5% - 15%. It also stabilizes wellbores by flocculating fine formation particles, preventing sand production and formation damage. In fracturing fluids, it thickens the fluid to carry proppants and creates fractures, and in produced water treatment, it removes oil droplets and suspended solids, meeting reinjection or discharge standards.
It reduces soil erosion in furrow irrigation by binding soil particles into stable aggregates, lowering erosion by over 70% when applied at 1–3 oz per 3–5 ft furrow inlet or 10 ppm in irrigation waterNRCS. It improves soil structure in arid/semi - arid regions, enhancing water infiltration and retention, and reducing runoff, which boosts crop yields by 8% - 12%. It also stabilizes soil on construction sites and slopes, preventing sediment loss during rainfall or irrigation, and helps in irrigation water clarification by removing silt and clay particlesNRCS.
In the textile industry, it treats dyeing wastewater by flocculating dye molecules and auxiliary colloids, reducing color and COD, and improving effluent filterability for reuse. In the food & beverage sector, it clarifies process water and waste streams, such as in juice production to remove pectin and suspended solids, and in brewery wastewater treatment to flocculate yeast cells and proteins. In construction, it assists in bored pile construction by stabilizing borehole walls and clarifying drilling mud, preventing collapse and ensuring pile quality, and also aids in concrete wastewater treatment, recycling aggregate and water.
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Advantages: High molecular weight and 46% hydrolysis degree ensure strong flocculation, wide pH adaptability (pH 6–10), good solubility, low dosage (0.1–5 ppm for clarification; 1–10 kg/t dry solids for sludge), and compatibility with inorganic coagulants (alum, ferric sulfate) for synergistic effects.
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Dosage: Adjust based on water quality, solid content, and equipment. Jar tests are recommended to determine optimal dosage, usually 0.5–3 ppm for municipal wastewater and 2–10 ppm for industrial wastewater.
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Dissolution: Prepare a 0.1% - 0.5% aqueous solution with clean water, stir slowly (50–100 rpm) to avoid shearing polymer chains, and let it hydrate for 30–60 minutes before use.
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Mixing: Add the solution to the treatment stream with adequate mixing to ensure uniform dispersion, and avoid over - mixing to prevent floc breakage.
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Storage: Keep in a cool, dry place, sealed to avoid moisture absorption, as caking can occur if exposed to humidity.
ZETAG 4145’s versatility and efficiency make it a preferred choice for industries prioritizing water conservation, solid - liquid separation, and environmental compliance.
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