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- What are the main factors affecting the viscosity of polyacrylamide?
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- What factors are related to the amount of polyacrylamide?
Surfactant Polymer Technologies
2015-02-06 13:24:03
Surfactant Polymer Technologies
The techniques of primary and secondary recovery together provide for the recovery only 35-50% oilfield. This makes it is a significant amount of oil remaining in the oilfield. The chemical injection (surfactant) is one of the available technologies that can be used to recover up to an additional 35%.
Injection of surfactants is a recognized concept that is practiced in the industry for decades. Current technology is a progressive and gradual technologies and ideas that have long existed development. The key difference is that the amount of surfactants used in the project is now much smaller due to the high purity.
INJECTION OF SURFACTANT
Injection of surfactants is generally implemented after waterflooding. There are two main types of surfactants injection: injection of alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) or surfactant-polymer (SP).
Alkali-surfactant-polymer and Surfactant-polymer
The alkali-surfactant-polymer formulation generally consists of about 0.5-1% of alkalis, 0.1% surfactant and 0.1% of polymers, while surfactant-polymer formulation consisting of 1% surfactant and 0.1% polymers. The choice between alkali-surfactant-polymer and surfactant-polymer depends on several factors.
- Acid value of the oil
- Water quality: if the concentration of divalent ion is high > 100 ppm, may have to use surfactant-polymer
- Economics of the project
- Carrying capacity desalination or water softener
All components are injected together as a slug in the oilfield, so it is not a sequential injection. Generally the slug of Alkali-surfactant-polymer or Surfactant-polymer injects a pore volume of about 0.3-0.4 for optimum performance. The alkaline component reacts with acidic fractions of oil and creates a natural detergent, besides helping to reduce adsorption of surfactant on the rock. The surfactant component helps to release oil from the rock and reduce the interfacial tension between water and oil. The polymer (usually partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide or HPAM) acts as viscosity modifier and helps to mobilize the oil. Typically, following injection of Alkali-surfactant-polymer or Surfactant-polymer solution "push" polymer with equivalent pore volume injected. This helps not only to reduce the decline in oil recovery curve, but also to expand production longer.