Application of ZETAG 4145 DK Anionic Polyacrylamide

Anionic polyacrylamide ZETAG 4145 DK is a high–molecular-weight, water-soluble polymer developed specifically for efficient flocculation, clarification, thickening, and sludge dewatering. With its optimized anionic charge density and long polymer chain structure, ZETAG 4145 DK provides excellent particle bridging, rapid settling, and strong, compact floc formation. It is particularly effective in systems dominated by inorganic, mineral-rich, and negatively charged suspended solids. Because of these properties, ZETAG 4145 DK is widely applied in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, sludge dewatering, mining and mineral processing, sand washing, papermaking, and various industrial effluent treatment operations.

1. Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Treatment

One of the most important applications of ZETAG 4145 DK is in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. Wastewater typically contains fine suspended solids such as clay, silt, metal hydroxides, colloidal organic matter, and fiber fines that do not settle efficiently by gravity alone. ZETAG 4145 DK acts through adsorption, charge interaction, and polymer bridging, rapidly aggregating these particles into large, dense flocs that settle quickly.

In primary clarification, ZETAG 4145 DK significantly reduces turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS). In secondary biological treatment, it improves sludge settleability in activated sludge systems and helps prevent sludge bulking and poor settling. In tertiary treatment, it acts as a polishing flocculant to improve effluent clarity prior to discharge or water reuse.

ZETAG 4145 DK is widely used in the treatment of wastewater from chemical manufacturing, textile and dyeing factories, electroplating plants, food processing facilities, pharmaceutical companies, steel mills, and electronics industries, where strict environmental discharge standards must be met.

2. Sludge Dewatering and Conditioning

ZETAG 4145 DK is extensively applied as a sludge conditioning and dewatering agent in mechanical dewatering systems such as belt filter presses, centrifuges, screw presses, and plate-and-frame filter presses. When added to sludge before dewatering, it transforms fine, compressible sludge particles into strong, rapidly draining flocs.

The use of ZETAG 4145 DK results in:

• Higher sludge cake dry-solids content

• Faster dewatering and filtration speed

• Reduced sludge volume

• Lower energy consumption in dewatering equipment

• Significant reduction in sludge transport and disposal costs

It is especially effective for inorganic and mineral-rich sludges, such as those generated from mining wastewater, sand washing plants, coal preparation facilities, and metallurgical wastewater treatment systems. It is also widely used for municipal sewage sludge dewatering, where moisture reduction is essential for landfill disposal, composting, drying, or incineration.

3. Mining and Mineral Processing Industry

In the mining and mineral processing industry, ZETAG 4145 DK functions as a thickening, clarification, and tailings treatment flocculant. After crushing, grinding, and flotation, ore slurries contain large quantities of fine mineral particles that remain suspended in process water. ZETAG 4145 DK rapidly aggregates these particles, allowing fast sedimentation in:

• High-rate thickeners

• Deep-cone thickeners

• Clarifiers

• Tailings ponds

It is widely used in the processing of iron ore, copper ore, gold ore, coal, phosphate, bauxite, and other non-ferrous metals. The use of ZETAG 4145 DK significantly improves overflow water clarity, enabling large volumes of process water to be recycled and reducing freshwater consumption. In tailings treatment, it promotes faster solids consolidation, improved dam stability, and higher water recovery, contributing to safer and more environmentally responsible mining operations.

4. Sand Washing and Aggregate Processing

ZETAG 4145 DK is widely applied in sand washing plants, quarry operations, and construction aggregate processing facilities. Wash water generated during sand and gravel processing contains large amounts of fine clay, silt, and suspended solids that settle very slowly in natural conditions.

By adding ZETAG 4145 DK, these fine particles rapidly flocculate and settle in clarifiers or thickeners, enabling:

• Efficient recycling of process water

• Reduced size and maintenance of settling ponds

• Cleaner, higher-quality sand and aggregates

• Lower environmental discharge load

This application is particularly important in regions with limited water resources and strict environmental regulations.

5. Papermaking and Pulp Processing

In the pulp and paper industry, ZETAG 4145 DK is used mainly as a retention aid, drainage aid, and white-water clarification agent. It improves the retention of:

• Cellulose fibers

• Mineral fillers such as calcium carbonate and kaolin

• Fine additives, pigments, and coating particles

By increasing retention efficiency, ZETAG 4145 DK enhances paper sheet formation, mechanical strength, surface quality, and production yield. In white-water recovery systems, it helps separate fibers and fines from water, allowing clean water reuse and reducing wastewater discharge volumes.

6. Textile, Dyeing, and Chemical Wastewater Treatment

Textile and dyeing wastewater contains high color, surfactants, starches, suspended fibers, and complex organic compounds. After coagulation, ZETAG 4145 DK is applied to flocculate these contaminants and promote rapid settling. This leads to:

• Improved color removal

• Reduced turbidity and suspended solids

• Lower COD and BOD loading on biological systems

• Improved stability of downstream treatment processes

It is also highly effective in chemical manufacturing wastewater, where it enhances solid–liquid separation and reduces treatment costs.

7. Food and Beverage Industry Wastewater

In the food and beverage industry, wastewater commonly contains proteins, fats, sugars, starches, and fine organic solids. ZETAG 4145 DK efficiently flocculates these contaminants and improves clarification, flotation, and sedimentation performance. It is widely applied in:

• Dairy processing plants

• Breweries and beverage factories

• Meat, poultry, and seafood processing facilities

• Sugar and starch manufacturing

Its use reduces the load on biological treatment systems and greatly improves sludge dewatering efficiency.

8. Key Performance Advantages

ZETAG 4145 DK offers multiple technical and economic advantages:

• High molecular weight for strong and stable floc formation

• Excellent performance in inorganic and mineral suspension systems

• Low dosage requirement and high cost-effectiveness

• Rapid dissolution and easy preparation

• Wide operating pH range

• Good environmental compatibility and low toxicity